The first description of "meta data" for computer systems is purportedly noted by MIT's Center for International Studies experts David Griffel and Stuart McIntosh in 1967: "In summary then, we have statements in an object language about subject descriptions of data and token codes for the data. In the 2000s, as data and information were increasingly stored digitally, this digital data was described using metadata standards. Metadata was traditionally used in the card catalogs of libraries until the 1980s when libraries converted their catalog data to digital databases. This data is used for the purposes of traffic analysis and can be used for mass surveillance. Metadata of telecommunication activities including Internet traffic is very widely collected by various national governmental organizations. Metadata allows users to access resources by "allowing resources to be found by relevant criteria, identifying resources, bringing similar resources together, distinguishing dissimilar resources, and giving location information". It can also help organize electronic resources, provide digital identification, and archive and preserve resources. It can help users find relevant information and discover resources. Metadata is not strictly bound to one of these categories, as it can describe a piece of data in many other ways. Legal metadata – provides information about the creator, copyright holder, and public licensing, if provided.
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